Investigation and analysis of the characteristics and drug sensitivity of bacteria in skin ulcer infections / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Skin ulcer is a common type of disease affecting patients' health and quality of life, and bacterial infection increases the difficulty of its management.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The present study collected the results of bacterial culture sampled from the surface of 110 cases of skin ulcers at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. We analyzed the constituent ratios of ulcer surface bacteria, the change in the main infectious bacteria and the results of drug-sensitivity testing for common bacteria. In addition, the characteristics of bacterial infection of skin ulcers were summarized.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Of the 110 samples, 90 isolated bacteria were cultured. Sixty-one were Gram-negative bacteria, mainly comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. In addition, 23 isolates were Gram-positive bacteria, mainly comprising Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The probability of a negative bacterial culture in 2012 was significantly lower than that in 2011 (16.7% vs. 40.0%, p < 0.01). Moreover, the probability of P. aeruginosa infection in 2012 was significantly higher than that in 2011 (31.7% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.01). P. aeruginosa was resistant to seven commonly used antibiotics. Both K. pneumoniae and E. coli had higher resistance to ampicillin. E. cloacae were not sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam. Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to all the tested drugs. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis had high resistance to clindamycin. There was other drug resistance to reflect the higher rate of skin bacterial resistance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Skin bacterial resistance rate is high. Gram-negative bacteria gradually account for the majority, and P. aeruginosa becomes the most important skin infection pathogen. These characteristics of bacterial infections of skin ulcers provide a significant reference for guiding the selection of antibiotics, better controlling infections of skin ulcers and accelerating the healing of skin ulcers.</p>

Comparison of the distribution of breviscapine in the brain by different administration routes / 药学学报

By comparing the drug distribution of breviscapine administered intranasally, orally and intrgvenous injected in rats' brain. After 0.4 mg x kg(-1) breviscapine was given by tail vein, intranasal and gastric perfusion administration to SD rats, cerebrospinal fluid was obtained by erebellomedllery cisternal puncture at different times. 125I labeling was used to determine the drug content of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, olfactory region, olfactory bulb and blood in rats. AUCs were calculated by trapezoidal rule. The results showed that AUCs(0-240 min) (microg x min x g(-1)) of brain tissues were 11.686 +/- 1.919, 5.676 +/- 1.025, 7.989 +/- 0.925, 7.956 +/- 1.159, 17.465 +/- 2.136, 24.2 +/- 2.906 and 78.51 +/- 12.05, respectively, in the intranasal administration group; while those in the tail vein administration groups were 6.79 +/- 0.661, 6.251 +/- 0.40, 10.805 +/- 1.161, 9.146 +/- 1.04, 9.892 +/- 1.532, 7.871 +/- 0.842 and 173.91 +/- 10.02; and oral administration group were 0.868 +/- 0.167, 1.708 +/- 0.266, 2.867 +/- 0.725, 2.067 +/- 0.313, 1.361 +/- 0.308, 1.206 +/- 0.255 and 45.2 +/- 7.52, respectively. AUCs(0-240 min) of the brain tissues after oral, tail vein and intranasal administration were 22.29%, 29.18%, 95.49% of that of blood, respectively, it means that the absorption rate and drug distribution in the brain tissues after intranasal administration were higher than those of oral and tail vein administration. It is worth to investigate further the pharmacodynamic relationship.

Influence of Wnt-1 recombinant adenovirus on differentiation of human epidermal stem cells / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the influence of Wnt-1 recombinant adenovirus on differentiation tendency of human epidermal stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wnt-1 recombinant adenovirus was transduced into hESCs (E group), while normal hESCs were used as control (C) group. The diameter, proliferation,and labeling molecular expression of hESC were determined. The content of MMP-2 and MMP-7 in supernate were also assayed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no obvious difference in diameter of hESC between two groups. The density of hESC in E group was (1.45 +/- 0.09) x 10(5)/mL, which was obviously higher than that in C group [(1.18 +/- 0.10) x 10(5)/mL, P < 0.05]. There were no obvious differences in expression of markers between two groups,including keratin 5 (KS), K6, K7, KS, K14, CD44, carcinoembryonic-like antigen (CEAA), ER, PR (P > 0.05) ,while the expression of K 10 was different among groups [(60 +/- 3)% in E group, 0 in C group], also K18 [(34.3 +/- 2.1)% in E group vs. (13.8 +/- 1.7)% in C group, P < 0.05], and K19 [(17.1 +/- 1.8)% in E group vs. (24.4 +/- 1.5)% in C group, P < 0.05].The contents of MMP-2 and MMP-7 in E group were higher than those in C group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wnt-1 recombinant adenovirus can induce the differentiation of hESCs to glandular epithelium-like cells.</p>

Histologic characteristics of in vitro constructed skin basement membrane / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the histological characteristics of constructed basement membrane in tissue-engineered skin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forskins from circumcision in normal children were obtained with informed consent of the parents, and then the epidermal keratinocytes (KC) and dermal fibroblasts (Fb) were isolated with trypsin and collagenase D digestion in sequence. Tissue engineered skin with composite chitosan was maintained in a submerged state for 3 days, and then at the air-liquid interface. The tissue-engineered skins were fixed in neutral formalin and then embedded in paraffin after culture for 7, 10 and 15 days, respectively for immunohistological examination of the basement membrane component,including the condition of collagen type IV (COL-IV), collagen type VII (COL-VII), and laminin (LN).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HE staining showed that the keratinocytes formed a fine stratified squamous epithelium with the presence of basal, spinous, granular and corneous cell layers, and there was various amount of cells in flat and fusiform shape in each layer. It was found that a regular red staining strip situated at the dermal epidermal junction. Positive staining of collagen IV, collagen VII as well as LN was observed by immunohistological examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that the composite chitosan tissue engineered skin has a good prospect for clinical use because it presents a perfect reconstruction of basement membrane.</p>

Chronic effects on the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with amiodarone, segmental pulmonary vein ablation, or amiodarone plus losartan: a prospective cohort study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was designed to compare clinical efficacy of segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVI), amiodarone or amiodarone plus losartan on sinus rhythm maintenance in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with lone PAF were treated with amiodarone alone (A, n = 52), segmental pulmonary vein isolation (SPVI, n = 51), or amiodarone plus losartan (AL, n = 51). The primary endpoint of this study was the incidence of symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia (> 30 s) documented by 12 lead ECG or Holter during 12 months follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During follow-up, AF was documented in 24 patients (46.2%) in A group, 11 patients (21.6%) in SPVI group and 12 (23.5%) in AL group (P < 0.05 vs. A group). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant equally reduction in AF recurrence in SPVI and AL groups (P = 0.009, log-rank test and P = 0.018, log-rank test, respectively) compared with A group. The hazard ratio for AF recurrence in patients treated with SPVI and amiodarone plus losartan was 0.41 (95% CI 0.200 to 0.848, P = 0.016) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.225 to 0.953, P = 0.036), respectively. Incidences of major adverse cardiac events were similar among the groups (9.6% in A, 3.9% in SPVI and 7.8% in AL group, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study suggest that the segmental pulmonary vein isolation and amiodarone plus losartan are superior to amiodarone alone for preventing AF recurrence in patients with lone PAF.</p>

Biological characterization of cultured dermal papilla cells and hair follicle regeneration in vitro and in vivo / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dermal papilla cells (DPC) are a group of mesenchyme-derived cells at the base of the hair follicle, where they regulate and control hair follicle growth through the expression and secretion of cytokines. Nevertheless, the role of DPC derived chemokines and other cytokines in the hair follicle biology remain speculative. In this study, we investigated the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and stem cell factor (SCF) in different passages of cultured DPC and their effects on the biological behaviour of DPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of bFGF, ET-1 and SCF in different passages of cultured DPC and their possible effects on the biological behavior of DPC are investigated using in situ hybridization and immunochemistry. In addition, we performed transplantation of hair follicle cells into nude mice. The cultured DPC, dermal sheath cells and fibroblast of human scalp, respectively, were mixed with cells of the hair follicle epithelium in different ratios, and then were cultured in hair follicle organotypic cultures or implanted into the subcutis of nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of ET-1 and SCF in early passages of cultured DPC became stronger, but turned weaker and even negative in late passages (> 6 passages). Hair follicle-like structures were formed after DPC combined with the cells of hair follicle epithelium cells in hair follicle organotypic cultures. When hair follicle organotypic cultures were implanted into the subcutis of nude mice, the relative intact hair follicles were formed. After the transplantation of hair follicle cells into the nude mice, the hair follicle-like structure was formed in the group that contained DPC mixed with hair follicle epithelium cells. However, no hair follicles were formed in the other two groups. It was found that the higher the expression of ET-1 and SCF in DPC, the stronger the ability of DPC to induce hair follicle regeneration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cultured DPC can induce hair follicle regeneration and sustain hair growth in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the expression of ET-1 and SCF is correlated with the ability of DPC inducing hair follicle regeneration.</p>

Long-term clinical efficacy of losartan or perindopril combination therapy with low-dose amiodarone in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of perindopril or losartan in combination with low-dose amiodarone on maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty-one patients with idiopathic PAF were included in the study and randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (amiodarone group, n = 61) was treated with amiodarone alone, group 2 (amiodarone plus losartan, n = 59) was treated with amiodarone and perindopril in combination, and group 3 (amiodarone plus perindopril group, n = 61) was treated with amiodarone and perindopril in combination. The left atrial diameter (LAD) was measured with transthoracic echocardiogram at before and after 6, 12, 18 and 24-month of treatment. The duration of observation was up to two years and the primary end point of the study was the first recurrence of AF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 6 month following up, there was no difference in LAD among the three groups. After 12 months, LAD in group 1 was significantly larger than group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). At 7th-month, the sinus rhythm maintenance of group 1 was lower significantly than group 2 and group 3. At the end of the study, the maintenance of sinus rhythm in group 2 and group 3 was higher significantly than in group 1 (83.05% and 80.33% vs 59.01%, P < 0.05), nevertheless, there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study suggest that the combination of amiodarone with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril or with angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan are more effective than amiodarone alone in sinus rhythm maintenance for idiopathic PAF. ACEI and ARB can inhibit the enlargement of left atrium and reduce recurrence rate in patients with idiopathic PAF.</p>

Expressions of bFGF, ET-1 and SCF in dermal papilla cells and the relation to their biological properties / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of bFGF, ET-1 and SCF in different passages of cultured dermal papilla cells (DPC), and their possible effect on biological behaviour of DPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of bFGF, ET-1 and SCF in different passages of cultured DPC was detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The expression of ET-1 and SCF in early passages of cultured DPC was stronger, but became negative in late passages (>6 passages). The stronger the expression of ET-1 and SCF in DPC, the higher ability of DPC to induce hair follicle regeneration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression strength of ET-1 and SCF is related to the ability of DPC inducing hair follicle regeneration.</p>

Factors related to collagen gel contraction in hair follicle organotypic culture / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells on collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hair follicle organotypic culture was prepared with different concentrations of rat tail collagen, different number of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells in DMEM medium, after cultured for 10 days the diameter of collagen gel was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The concentration of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells significantly influenced on collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture (P<0.01). The contraction of collagen gel was negatively related to the concentration of rat tail collagen, while the concentration of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells was positively related to the contraction of collagen gel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The key factor influencing collagen gel contraction in organotypic culture is the concentration of rat tail collagen, hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair follicle epithelium cells.</p>

Influence on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate and heparin sulfate / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the actions of extra cellular medium in growth and differentiation of hair follicle and to look for growth adjusting factors for dermal papilla cells (DPC). Methods　Dermal papilla cells were isolated and cultivated with two steps method and the cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining for actin. Influence was examined on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C and heparin sulfate. Results　Two steps method of enzyme digestion for isolating and cultivating dermal papilla cells was an efficient method and large amount of dermal papilla of high purity were harvested with this method. The method is very simple and easy to manege with. Increased adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells were observed in specimen treated with chondroitin A and heparin sulfate. No significant effects was observed in the cells treated with chondroit in sulfate C. Conclusion　Some extra cellular medium can regulate the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells and therefore influence the growth and development of hair follicle.

Influence on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate and heparin sulfate / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the actions of extra cellular medium in growth and differentiation of hair follicle and to look for growth adjusting factors for dermal papilla cells (DPC). Methods　Dermal papilla cells were isolated and cultivated with two steps method and the cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining for actin. Influence was examined on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C and heparin sulfate. Results　Two steps method of enzyme digestion for isolating and cultivating dermal papilla cells was an efficient method and large amount of dermal papilla of high purity were harvested with this method. The method is very simple and easy to manege with. Increased adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells were observed in specimen treated with chondroitin A and heparin sulfate. No significant effects was observed in the cells treated with chondroit in sulfate C. Conclusion　Some extra cellular medium can regulate the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells and therefore influence the growth and development of hair follicle.

Effects of acetylcholine chloride on intracellular free calcium concentration of cultured sweat gland epithelial cells / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To isolate and culture sweat gland epithelial cells in vitro,and to study the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on intracellular flee calcium concentration ([Ca~(2+)]i) of cultured sweat gland epithelial cells.Methods Sweat glands epithelial cells were collected by enzymatic digestion.After ACh was added to the primary and first passage cells,[Ca~(2+)]i was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the Ca~(2+) sensitive dye Fura 3/AM.Results The primary and first passage epithe- lial cells grew well.After ACh was added,opening of the calcium channel and significant [Ca~(2+)]i increase were observed when the primary and first passage cells were incubated with high concentration of calcium (2 mmol/L);no significant [Ca~(2+)]i increase was observed in those cultured without calcium.Conclusion Upon stimulation with ACh,calcium channels of cultured primary and first passage sweat gland epithelial cells would open,influx of extracellular Ca~(2+) occurred,which resulted in an increase of [Ca~(2+)]i.Extracellular bound calcium was therefore converted into intracellular free calcium.